Obstetrician-gynecologists (OBGYNs) are physicians who specialize in women’s health across one’s lifespan. They focus on medical care related to the reproductive system, pregnancy and childbirth, and age-related changes such as menopause. They combine expertise in both obstetrics and gynecology, providing continuity of care from reproductive years to postmenopausal stages.
Examinations
An OBGYN conducts several types of examinations to monitor and support women’s health. A pelvic exam is a standard procedure during which the physician visually and physically examines the external and internal reproductive organs. This exam can detect infections, abnormal tissue growth, and anatomical changes, serving as a basis for early discovery of issues that might require further evaluation.
The Pap smear, usually performed during a pelvic exam, involves collecting cells from the cervix. This screening is designed to identify abnormal or precancerous cellular changes. OBGYNs recommend Pap smears at intervals based on age and medical history, and may perform follow-up testing if results suggest notable cervical changes.
Breast examinations are another component of routine gynecological care. During a clinical breast exam, the doctor checks for lumps, skin abnormalities, or tissue changes in the breast. If anything unusual is detected, imaging studies such as mammograms or ultrasound may be recommended for a more comprehensive assessment.
Prenatal Care
OBGYNs are the primary providers for prenatal care. This involves monitoring the health and development of the pregnant patient and the fetus throughout gestation. At the initial prenatal visit, OBGYNs may confirm pregnancy, estimate due dates, and document medical and family health history. Ultrasounds may be performed to assess fetal heartbeat and development.
Throughout the pregnancy, appointments increase in frequency with each trimester. The OBGYN tracks maternal weight, blood pressure, and other health indicators while monitoring the fetus’s growth. The physician will also listen to the fetal heartbeat at visits and, as pregnancy advances, evaluate the well-being of the fetus.
OBGYNs provide guidance on nutrition, safe medications, and lifestyle changes to support pregnancy health. They also help prepare patients for labor and delivery by discussing birth plans, pain management options, and what to expect during childbirth and the postpartum period. After delivery, the OBGYN continues to monitor recovery and address postnatal concerns.
Menopause
Menopause is a natural transition marking the end of menstrual cycles and fertility. OBGYNs help patients understand and navigate menopause, which results from declining hormone levels. Common symptoms include hot flashes, sleep disturbances, mood fluctuations, and changes in vaginal health.
OBGYNs assess the severity of symptoms and review a patient’s medical history before recommending management strategies. Recommendations may include lifestyle adjustments, non-hormonal therapies, or hormone therapy where appropriate after factoring in risks and benefits. During this period, OBGYNs can continue to provide screenings for breast and cervical health, address urinary and sexual health concerns, and facilitate referrals for mood or sleep issues. They remain a resource for patient education about age-related health changes and preventive care beyond the cessation of menstruation.
Reach Out to an OBGYN
Having regular appointments with an OBGYN helps monitor reproductive and overall health throughout life’s stages. They offer support for early screening, reproductive planning, and ongoing preventive health. Whether addressing menstrual concerns, preparing for childbirth, or navigating life changes, OBGYNs offer ongoing guidance and care for a wide range of women’s health needs.
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